The buzz stops here: Bumblebees are in trouble

Johanna James-Heinz / AP

The photo provided by amateur Illinois bee spotter Johanna James-Heinz shows a rusty-patched bumblebee, on Aug. 14, 2008, in Peoria, Ill. It is one of four types of bumblebees researchers say is in trouble.

By Seth Borenstein
AP

WASHINGTON — It's not just honey bees that are in trouble. The fuzzy American bumblebee seems to be disappearing in the Midwest.

Two new studies in Thursday's journal Science conclude that wild bees, like the American bumblebee, are increasingly important in pollinating flowers and crops that provide us with food. And, at least in the Midwest, they seem to be dwindling in an alarming manner, possibly from disease and parasites.

Wild bees are difficult to track so scientists have had a hard time knowing what's happening to them. But because of one man in a small town in Illinois in the 1890s, researchers now have a better clue.

Naturalist Charles Robertson went out daily in a horse-drawn buggy and meticulously collected and categorized insects in Carlinville in southern Illinois.

More than a century later, Laura Burkle of Montana State University went back to see what changed. Burkle and her colleagues reported that they could only find half the species of wild bees that Robertson found — 54 of 109 types.

"That's a significant decline. It's a scary decline," Burkle said Thursday.

And what's most noticeable is the near absence of one particular species, the yellow-and-black American bumblebee. There are 4,000 species of wild bees in America and 49 of them are bumblebees. In the Midwest, the most common bee has been Bombus pensylvanicus, known as the American bumblebee. It only stings defensively, experts say.

But in 447 hours of searching, Burkle's team found only one American bumblebee, a queen.

That fits with a study that University of Illinois entomologist Sydney Cameron did two years ago when she found a dramatic reduction in the number and range of the American bumblebee.

"It was the most dominant bumblebee in the Midwest," Cameron said, saying it now has pretty much disappeared from much of its northern range. Overall, its range has shrunk by about 23 percent, although it is still strong in Texas and the West, she said.

"People call them the big fuzzies," Cameron said. "They're phenomenal animals. They can fly in the snow."

Her research found four species of bumblebees in trouble: the American bumblebee, the rusty-patched bumblebee, the western bumblebee and the yellow-banded bumblebee.

A separate Science study by a European team showed that wild bees in general have a larger role in pollinating plants than the honey bees that are trucked in to do the job professionally.

Those domesticated bees are already in trouble with record high prices for bees to pollinate California almond trees, said David Inouye at the University of Maryland.

Scientists suspect a combination of disease and parasites for the dwindling of both wild and domesticated bees.

Discuss this post

I don't know if anybody thinks this is serious, but it is. I've been watching this bee thing because as a kid I always see bees. Now I never see any. I live in the country so it's real.

  • 11 votes
Reply#1 - Thu Feb 28, 2013 7:11 PM EST

Instead of trying to pin the blame on just disease and parasites, perhaps we should take a closer look at the link to genetically modifies crops, which have been linked to Honeybee deaths, and colony collapse disorder.

Monsanto

  • 9 votes
#1.1 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 9:29 AM EST

I never see honey bees anymore here in the southeast. I see some bumblebees but not like I did as a child. We are killing the ability of Nature to take care of us and life in general on this planet...But so long as we can have our huge flat screens, who cares?

  • 3 votes
#1.2 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 10:03 AM EST

Instead of trying to pin the blame on just disease and parasites, perhaps we should take a closer look at the link to genetically modifies crops, which have been linked to Honeybee deaths, and colony collapse disorder.

It is almost certainly not just one thing or another. GMO maybe has some effect, but the spread of disease and parasites certainly does as well. And perhaps even changes in the climate. So do you pin the blame one or the other, and which one? Or do you just recognize that a species can only take a certain amount of environmental insults, and they are getting it from all sides at the moment. The environment is very interconnected.

  • 1 vote
#1.3 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 10:43 AM EST

I've been following this subject for years now.

It astounds me that researchers have not been able to pinpoint a cause for this, given the fact they can trace hive movements via tiny chips glued to the thorax, and the fact they have hundreds to thousands of bodies to dissect in some of these cases.

I doubt it is bacterial/parasitic. There are cases where the beekeepers have released the hive that morning and almost none of them returned, they are found in a quivering ball next to a tree miles away, mostly dead. If a bacterial agent had the ability to spread that fast, they would have been wiped out years ago.

  • 1 vote
#1.4 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 11:39 AM EST

And yet they have isolated parasites and bacteria and viruses from collapsed colonies. Just because they released a hive does not mean the hive was healthy when they release it. And yes, new diseases develop all the time and initially can raise havoc with populations. Think chytrid fungus in frogs, or HIV/Aids in man.

But I agree with this - they have had a very hard time isolating a single cause, precisely because there is not a single cause. Just like there is no single cause for cancer.

    #1.5 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 12:46 PM EST
    Reply

    Really. they are gone. Not so much the Bumble bees but the honey bees. Sad to read the Bumble bees are dieing also.

    • 1 vote
    Reply#2 - Thu Feb 28, 2013 7:19 PM EST

    Maybe you want to pay closer attention, because its not just known pollinators. Have also been noticing a drastic decline of paper wasps. Have a Federal Backyard Wildlife area built for birds and butterflies. The last 3 years all but the tiny bees, about the size of a fly, have been scarce. Plenty of feed and water but no bigger bees.

      #2.1 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 8:03 AM EST
      Reply

      We still see bumble bees, but last winter was a disaster. The weather was too warm all winter long, the trees that produce blossoms bloomed too early, right before an early spring frost killed off all the blossoms. There were no blooms anywhere to attract bees. This winter is more normal, so I hope the bees return.

      • 2 votes
      Reply#3 - Thu Feb 28, 2013 7:43 PM EST

      As a child, being outdoors was my whole life, I could hardly wait for the arrival of each new day to go out and explore. Our natural world is growing smaller each day. Where I live in the Northeast, bumblebees seem plentiful still, but I hardly ever see fireflies any more and late evening skies have very few bats flying about anymore. It is sad to see the loss of our natural world.

      • 2 votes
      Reply#4 - Thu Feb 28, 2013 7:45 PM EST

      In Oregon the most effective pollinators are Mason bees and orchard bees. As a kid we did notknow what they were, there made mud plugs in most any equipment left outside. They look more flys than a bee. The bumble bee is the only other native bee. the imported honey bee is now the leading commercial pollinator.

        Reply#5 - Thu Feb 28, 2013 7:53 PM EST

        I occasionally captured bees in jars when I was very young. They would die. Now that I've aged I try and avoid killing any insects except mosquitos. I will not intentionally step on an ant. I think all life is precious. Naturally I probably accidentally walk on insects but not out of intent. Bumblebees are one of my favorite insects. I've never been afraid of them and know that they would only sting if harrased.

        • 3 votes
        Reply#6 - Thu Feb 28, 2013 9:44 PM EST

        Let me see. We spray incredible amounts of pesticide and other persistent poisons into the environment, and then we are surprised when beneficial insects die out.

        • 14 votes
        Reply#7 - Thu Feb 28, 2013 9:51 PM EST

        I am amazed that an article about the decline of bees fails to even mention pesticides. Evidence is piling up that they are a major cause, along with habitat destruction by agriculture.

        • 10 votes
        Reply#8 - Thu Feb 28, 2013 11:04 PM EST

        Actually, farmland has decreased over time. 954.7million acres in 1997, 938.2 million acres in 2002, 922 million acres in 2007... Source: USDA Economic Research Service. So, habitat destruction is really coming from the urban sprawl. Not farmers.

        • 2 votes
        #8.1 - Thu Feb 28, 2013 11:23 PM EST

        US farmland acreage has decreased due to less WATER in the farming aquifers...

        Nationally, water volume decreased 5 percent between 2004 & 2008. South Dakota; operators in the state applied 72 percent less water in 2008 than five years earlier. And this was PRIOR to the current drought...

        • 2 votes
        #8.2 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 5:52 AM EST

        If the bees die out, we starve. Face the facts. This is a very serious problem.

        • 3 votes
        #8.3 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 7:41 AM EST

        Janet-333165 ...... might want to look more closer to radio waves, etc. I live in an area where the newer technology is based in radio waves, A few more cell phone towers, a few more State police Radio towers, new communication devices and now electric company has installed smart meters which use radio waves also, which there is some controversy over it's safety.

        • 1 vote
        #8.4 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 8:10 AM EST

        Chris, that isn't much of a land usage change and it's not necessarily how much land is used. Crops make flowers which feed the bees. It's what they are spraying on the crops or breeding into the crops that is a serious problem. Urban sprawl doesn't help though and I'll give you that.

        • 2 votes
        #8.5 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 10:08 AM EST

        You most likely won’t see any rebuttal from companies like Monsanto who is, in my opinion, THE company to blame. Genetically modified crops, unnatural and despite the claims, HEAVILY sprayed with pesticides, is the reason for the decline of bees.

        Other reasons are massive fields of only one crop (and usually GMO, at that) while bees natural ‘hunting ground’ is only about a mile.

        Transporting thousands of bees routinely to pollinate one crop, causes stress; often in cold weather, for, again, one crop. If you tried to exist on only one food item, you, too, would be unhealthy and susceptible to disease.

        But again, Monsanto’s genetically modified crops will eventually end up killing us all. If it isn’t the end of the bee population that pollinates ALL foods, it will be the heavier use of pesticides on those GMO crops, the actual ‘food’ grown, and the patents on foods by Monsanto which will make foods unavailable to only the very rich.

        And if you don’t think that Monsanto WILL win those patents, be warned that they will as this administration has put in place many, many high ranking officials in the FDA and USDA and other high positions who are former Monsanto employees.

        http://www.naturalnews.com/037310_barack_obama_monsanto_lobbyist.html

        http://www.naturalnews.com/038779_farm_bill_Monsanto_public_outcry.html

        Be aware and be warned.

        • 4 votes
        #8.6 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 10:29 AM EST
        Reply

        No mention of the Honeybee Deaths Linked to Corn Insecticides???

        Neonicotinoid insecticides “are among the most widely used in the world, popular because they kill insects by paralyzing nerves but have lower toxicity for other animals.” The development of this class of insecticides began with work in the 1980s...

        Beekeepers immediately observed an increase in die-offs right around the time of corn planting using this particular kind of insecticide...

        read article - abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2012/03/honeybee-deaths-linked-to-corn-insecticides/

        • 12 votes
        Reply#9 - Thu Feb 28, 2013 11:14 PM EST

        Recently, the use of some members of this class of insecticides has been restricted in some countries due to evidence of a connection to honey-bee colony collapse disorder.[4][5]

        • 8 votes
        #9.1 - Thu Feb 28, 2013 11:19 PM EST
        Reply

        One of the biggest sources of 'sweet' for the bumblebee has always been those huge, sweet purple clover flowers you would see in a field - or a lawn that isn't Chemlawn'd 5 times per year. Clover is such a beautiful plant and so beneficial; the bees I would see in the clover always had massive loads of pollen on their legs.

        I did a report in college back in the late 80's on agricultural herbicides/pesticide use vs. urban. The results were amazing and contradicted most people's thoughts. To think of a pie chart showing total pounds (or gallons) per acre between the two, farmers (agriculture) was a 'piece of that pie, barely a sliver vs. the rest of the 'pie' for urban applications. Companies like TruGreen/Chemlawn are unscrupulous with their outrageous applications and usually done by minimally trained 'technicians.' They are told, regardless of whether or not the weather is going to be ok for application, to get out there and bang out as many lawns as they can...even if a storm is approaching - keep spraying until you have to stop...thus allowing all of that product to runoff. Or on hot weather days over 85, the chemicals can volatalize and drift, killing many non-target flowers/fields, etc.

        Farmers on the other hand are very educated on their crop inputs. They calculate very carefully. Their equipment is properly calibrated and they apply only when they know the weather is going to allow for maximum results from their applications. They do this also because they are paying dearly for the chemicals to help them gain yields and they don't want runoff or non-target damage because they live right there. They have a well and usually livestock.

        Bottom line, go easy when thinking of blaming farmers and look at all those large, franchise corporate Chemlawns and TruGreen companies that we'll be seeing in our neighborhoods in force here in a few short weeks. Their foaming at the mouth to get out there and lay down millions of gallons of that @!$%#!

        • 6 votes
        Reply#10 - Thu Feb 28, 2013 11:48 PM EST

        The farmers do not control the Neonicotinoid coated seeds...

        They do control the rate of Neonicotinoids used after planting...

        Then you can research the US aquifers polluted with Atrazine...

        It is the FARMERS, not your urban lawns that produce the MAJORITY of the environmental damage from insecticides and herbicides...

        • 5 votes
        #10.1 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 5:37 AM EST

        You're uneducated, biased and...an idiot who can't see the 'forest for the trees.' Get a clue and go hug a tree. Oh and be sure to make sure that Chemlawn is at your home 1st this spring to make sure you have the nicest lawn!

        • 2 votes
        #10.2 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 7:41 AM EST

        Agree - I don't spray my yard, I have clover, and I have honeybees & bumblebees.

        • 3 votes
        #10.3 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 8:19 AM EST
        Reply

        Yes, it was less than a year ago that the same journal cited here (Science) published research describing the effects of Neonicotinoids on both honey bees and bumblebees. The statement that "scientists suspect a combination of disease and parasites for the dwindling of both wild and domesticated bees" is incomplete and represents a missed opportunity to really publicize the latest scientific thinking on the issue of bee decline. Scientists suspect a combination of disease and parasites for the dwindling of both wild and domesticated bees. &

          Reply#11 - Thu Feb 28, 2013 11:53 PM EST

          @Chris and @Janet, The shift from diverse mosaics of cropland with incorporated natural areas and hedgerows to mega-monocultures likely has resulted in habitat loss... fewer feeding options and those options being only available for short periods (flowering time).

            Reply#12 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 12:02 AM EST
              Reply#13 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 12:19 AM EST

              Bees are one of the most important creatures on the planet for humans. I hope we figure this out soon.

                Reply#14 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 7:40 AM EST

                This report is a ho-hum report that should have been out years ago. The farming community has been upset at this for several years or more.

                  Reply#15 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 11:04 AM EST

                  I would imagine that pesticides have been the downfall of the bees. We have bees here that look like bumblebees, but we call them wood bees, because they bore holes in the rafters of the shed. Don't know how they are capable, but they bore a perfect 3/8's hole right through a oak 2 X 4.

                    Reply#16 - Fri Mar 1, 2013 11:27 AM EST

                    does any one stop to think that it is not one reason that is responsible for the dwindling pollinator number? Think of all the urbanization and then the huge expanse of lawns that people proudly display. for these small insects that depend completely on pollen adn nectar for nutrition and to rear their babies where is the nutrition? Think of you having to eat cardboard day in and day out and then do all the tasks that your brain needs to do - even simple things like finding your way back home may become impossible when you are hungry and malnourished. So the next time you decide to vote 'yes' to build a strip mall on that expanse of land where there were "weedy"plant growing - STOP. They are not WEEDY PLANTS. pollinating insects NEED them. they give them the diversity in their diet. Corn and soy bean is not enough. Dont blame everything on the farmers and their GM crops and pesticides - urbanites have equal contribution. QUit planting lawns and spending enormous amounts of water on it. Plant prairie species, wildflowers and native grasses that are much more hardy. variety is the spice of life even for the bees!!! QUit pointing fingers at the other person and see how you can make a change to help these bees. All of us can do our little bit and make change happen.

                      Reply#17 - Sun Mar 3, 2013 9:02 AM EST
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